1960s 20世纪60年代
quotations from Chairman Mao 毛主席语录
Practically everyone has heard of the Little Red Book. This collection of quotations from Mao Zedong's speeches and writings was published from 1964 until about 1976. People had to remember lines and use them to guide their thoughts. The title Little Red Book was coined by Westerners because of the red cover and pocket-book size.
几乎所有人都听说过《红宝书》。1964年至1976年，人们从毛泽东的演讲和著作中摘选部分内容制成语录并出版发行。人们被要求背诵其中的语句，并以此来指导他们的思想。西方人根据该书红色的书皮和口袋书的大小将其命名为 "Little Red Book"。
Red Guard 红卫兵
Basically middle-school and college students during the "Cultural Revolution" that Chairman Mao allowed to act as revolutionaries. In primary schools, Little Red Guards replaced the Young Pioneers. The "Gang of Four" used Red Guards to challenge authority. They were a key cause of social disorder, but their reign ended in 1978.
在文化大革命时期，几乎所有的中学生和大学生都是革命的“红卫兵”。在小学，小红卫兵替代了少先队员。“四人帮”利用红卫兵来挑战权威。他们是导致社会动乱的主要原因。1978年，“四人帮”终于被彻底粉碎，红卫兵也不复存在。
1970s 20世纪70年代
educated youth 知青
From the mid-1960s to the late-1970s, about 17 million urban middle school grads answered Mao's call and flocked to the countryside. They were encouraged to pay respect to and learn from the peasants. By 1979, most educated youth were heading back to the cities but they had a hard time adapting to the changed world.
60年代中期到70年代末，约1700万城市中学毕业生响应毛主席的号召来到农村。他们被告诫要尊敬农民，向农民学习。到了1979年，大多数知青返回城市。但是他们很难适应新的社会。 |
